TY - BOOK AU - Kruger,Paul TI - Alternative energy resources: the quest for sustainable energy SN - 0471772089 (cloth) AV - TJ808 .K78 2006 U1 - 621.042 22 PY - 2006/// CY - Hoboken, N.J. PB - John Wiley KW - Renewable energy sources KW - Energy policy N1 - Includes bibliographical references and index; 1; Human ecology on spaceship earth --; 1.0; Introduction --; 1.01; Axiom 1 --; 1.02; Axiom 2 --; 1.03; Axiom 3 --; 1.04; Philosophical questions for the quest --; 1.1; Development of human ecology --; 1.11; Major ages in human history --; 1.12; The biosphere : "spaceship earth" --; 1.13; Limits to growth --; 1.2; Summary --; References --; 2; The unending quest for abundant energy --; 2.0; Historic perspective --; 2.1; Characteristics of an industrial nation --; 2.11; Flow of abundant energy --; 2.12; Capital and income energy resources --; 2.2; Exponential growth dynamics --; 2.21; Linear growth --; 2.22; Exponential growth --; 2.23; Doubling time --; 2.24; Exponential growth scenarios --; 2.25; Calculation of growth rates by regression analysis --; 2.3; Current growth in energy consumption --; 2.31; Trends in energy consumption --; 2.32; Energy intensity --; 2.33; Projections of energy intensities --; 2.34; Projections of future energy consumption --; 2.4; Summary --; References --; 3; The fossil fuel era --; 3.0; Historic perspective --; 3.01; Fossil fuel consumption in the United States since 1900 --; 3.1; Fossil fuels --; 3.11; Coal --; 3.12; Heating value of coal --; 3.13; Crude oil --; 3.14; Natural gas --; 3.2; Forecast of U.S. energy consumption through 2025 --; 3.3; How long will fossil fuels last? --; 3.31; Estimation of fossil fuel reserves --; 3.32; The McKelvey diagram --; 3.33; Production of a finite resource --; 3.34; The logistic production curve method --; 3.4; Growth of fossil fuel demand for generation of electricity --; 3.5; Summary --; References --; 4; Sustainability of energy resources --; 4.0; Sustainable economic development --; 4.01; Indicators for sustainable energy development --; 4.02; Sustainable energy supply --; 4.1; Sustainability of electric energy demand --; 4.11; The electronic way of life --; 4.12; A continental superconducting grid --; 4.13; The hydrogen fuel era --; 4.2; Natural gas in sustainable energy supply --; 4.21; Petrochemical use of natural gas --; 4.22; Growth of natural gas consumption in the United States --; 4.23; Forecast of natural gas consumption through 2025 --; 4.24; Natural gas supply and reserves --; 4.3; Natural gas commitment for electric power generation --; 4.4; Sustainability of natural gas as an energy resource --; 4.5; Non-fossil energy resources --; 4.51; Growth of alternate (non-fossil) energy use --; 4.52; Forecast of Non-fossil energy supply --; 4.6; Summary --; References --; 5; Environmental impact of energy consumption --; 5.0; Historic perspective --; 5.1; Basics of environmental impact --; 5.11; Relationship between magnitude and severity --; 5.12; Consequences of environmental threat --; 5.13; A hypothetical example of magnitude-severity analysis --; 5.2; The saga of the greenhouse effect --; 5.21; Components of the saga --; 5.3; Local air pollution from automobile exhaust --; 5.31; Environmental impact of smog --; 5.32; Nitrogen oxides in photochemical "smog" --; 5.33; Magnitude-severity aspects of nitrogen oxides --; 5.4; Value of air quality improvement in transportation --; 5.5; Some data for the Los Angeles air basin --; 5.6; Summary --; References --; 6; The nuclear energy era --; 6.0; Historic perspective --; 6.1; Basic elements of nuclear science --; 6.11; The atomic nucleus --; 6.12; Isotopic composition and abundance --; 6.13; Atomic mass --; 6.14; Equivalence of mass and energy --; 6.15; Binding energy --; 6.16; Nuclear stability --; 6.17; Types of radioactive decay --; 6.18; Properties of radionuclides --; 6.2; Basic elements of nuclear power --; 6.21; Nuclear fission --; 6.22; Available energy from uranium fuel --; 6.23; Nuclear power reactors --; 6.24; The light-water uranium fuel cycle --; 6.25; Generation IV nuclear reactors --; 6.26; Nuclear safety --; 6.27; Nuclear waste --; 6.3; The Oklo natural nuclear reactors on earth --; 6.4; Thermonuclear fusion --; 6.5; Summary --; References --; 7; Renewable energy resources --; 7.0; Renewable energy --; 7.01; Types of renewable energy --; 7.02; Consumption of renewable energy --; 7.1; Hydroelectric power --; 7.2; Solar energy --; 7.21; The solar constant --; 7.22; Solar energy "reserves" --; 7.23; Solar electricity --; 7.3; Wind energy --; 7.31; Wind power rate --; 7.32; Wind turbine conversion efficiency --; 7.33; The wind energy resource --; 7.34; Estimated cost of wind power --; 7.4; Biomass energy --; 7.41; The solar biomass resource --; 7.42; Biomass conversion processes --; 7.43; Environmental aspects of bioenergy fuels --; 7.5; Other renewable resources --; 7.51; Tidal energy --; 7.52; Geothermal energy --; 7.6; Summary --; References --; 8; Hydrogen as an energy carrier --; 8.0; Historic perspective --; 8.01; Physical nature of hydrogen --; 8.02; Chemical nature of hydrogen --; 8.03; Energetics of hydrogen --; 8.1; Hydrogen and electricity as parallel energy carriers --; 8.11; Why hydrogen? --; 8.12; Competitive uses for hydrogen --; 8.2; The hydrogen energy fuel cycle --; 8.21; Hydrogen production --; 8.21a; A wee-bit of electrochemistry --; 8.22; hydrogen storage --; 8.23; Distribution of hydrogen --; 8.24; End uses for hydrogen fuel --; 8.25; Cost factors of hydrogen fuel --; 8.3; Summary --; References --; 9; Hydrogen as a transportation fuel --; 9.0; Historic perspective --; 9.01; Hydrogen fuel in aviation --; 9.02; Hydrogen fuel in marine propulsion --; 9.1; Hydrogen fuel cells in vehicle transportation --; 9.11; Just what is a fuel cell? --; 9.12; A wee-bit of thermodynamics --; 9.13; Aspects of hydrogen as a transportation fuel --; 9.14; Hydrogen fuel vehicles by application type --; 9.2; Hydrogen fuel-cell vehicles --; 9.21; Characteristics of alternate fuels for fuel cells --; 9.22; Methanol as a fuel for fuel cells --; 9.23; Natural gas as a transportation fuel --; 9.3; What more is needed? --; 9.4; Summary --; References --; 10; The hydrogen fuel era --; 10.0; Perspective of an era --; 10.1; Potential for air quality improvement --; 10.11; Emission standards --; 10.12; Factors that effect vehicle emissions --; 10.13; History of California emission standards --; 10.2; Modeling health benefit from hydrogen fuel transportation --; 10.21; Model development for the three-city hydrogen air quality study --; 10.22; The metropolitan Tokyo air quality study --; 10.3; Electric energy requirement for hydrogen fuel --; 10.31; Extrapolation of historic transportation fuel data to 2010 --; 10.32; Growth of demand for hydrogen fuel and electric energy : 2010-2050 --; 10.4; Prospects for the future of sustainable energy supply --; 10.41; Potential distribution of energy resources --; 10.42; Possibilities to resolve the impasse --; 10.5; Wrap-up --; 10.6; Summary --; References UR - http://www.loc.gov/catdir/toc/ecip0516/2005021362.html UR - http://www.loc.gov/catdir/enhancements/fy0622/2005021362-d.html ER -